> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.natsclub.cn/cn/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.natsclub.cn/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/sys_accounts.md).

# 系统事件

NATS servers leverage [Accounts](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/securing_nats/accounts.md) support and generate events such as:

* account connect/disconnect
* authentication errors
* server shutdown
* server stat summary

In addition the server supports a limited number of requests that can be used to query for account connections, server stat summaries, and pinging servers in the cluster.

These events are enabled by configuring `system_account` and [subscribing/requesting](#available-events-and-services) using a *system account* user.

[Accounts](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/securing_nats/accounts.md) are used so that subscriptions from your applications, say `>`, do not receive system events and vice versa. Using accounts requires either:

* [Configuring authentication locally](#local-configuration) and listing one of the accounts in `system_account`
* Or by using decentralized authentication and authorization via [jwt](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/securing_nats/auth_intro/jwt.md) as shown in this [Tutorial](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/sys_accounts/sys_accounts.md). In this case `system_account` contains the account public key.

## Available Events and Services

### System Account

The system account publishes messages under well known subject patterns.

Server initiated events:

* `$SYS.ACCOUNT.<id>.CONNECT` (client connects)
* `$SYS.ACCOUNT.<id>.DISCONNECT` (client disconnects)
* `$SYS.ACCOUNT.<id>.SERVER.CONNS` (connections for an account changed)
* `$SYS.SERVER.<id>.CLIENT.AUTH.ERR` (authentication error)
* `$SYS.ACCOUNT.<id>.LEAFNODE.CONNECT` (leaf node connects)
* `$SYS.ACCOUNT.<id>.LEAFNODE.DISCONNECT` (leaf node disconnects)
* `$SYS.SERVER.<id>.STATSZ` (stats summary)

In addition other tools with system account privileges, can initiate requests (Examples can be found [here](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/sys_accounts/sys_accounts.md#system-services)):

* `$SYS.REQ.SERVER.<id>.STATSZ` (request server stat summary)
* `$SYS.REQ.SERVER.PING` (discover servers - will return multiple messages)

[Monitoring endpoints](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md) as listed in the table below are accessible as system services using the following subject pattern:

* `$SYS.REQ.SERVER.<id>.<endpoint-name>` (request server monitoring endpoint corresponding to endpoint name.)
* `$SYS.REQ.SERVER.PING.<endpoint-name>` (from all server, request server monitoring endpoint corresponding to endpoint name - will return multiple messages)

| Endpoint                                                                                                           | Endpoint Name |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------- |
| [General Server Information](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#general-information)        | `VARZ`        |
| [Connections](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#connection-information)                    | `CONNZ`       |
| [Routing](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#route-information)                             | `ROUTEZ`      |
| [Gateways](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#gateway-information)                          | `GATEWAYZ`    |
| [Leaf Nodes](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#leaf-nodes-information)                     | `LEAFZ`       |
| [Subscription Routing](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#subscription-routing-information) | `SUBSZ`       |
| [JetStream](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#jetstream-information)                       | `JSZ`         |
| [Accounts](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#account-information)                          | `ACCOUNTZ`    |

* `"$SYS.REQ.ACCOUNT.<account-id>.<endpoint-name>`(from all server, request account specific monitoring endpoint corresponding to account id and endpoint name - will return multiple messages)

| Endpoint                                                                                                           | Endpoint Name |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------- |
| [Connections](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#connection-information)                    | `CONNZ`       |
| [Leaf Nodes](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#leaf-nodes-information)                     | `LEAFZ`       |
| [Subscription Routing](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#subscription-routing-information) | `SUBSZ`       |
| [JetStream](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#jetstream-information)                       | `JSZ`         |
| [Account](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/monitoring.md#account-information)                           | `INFO`        |

Servers like `nats-account-server` publish system account messages when a claim is updated, the nats-server listens for them, and updates its account information accordingly:

* `$SYS.ACCOUNT.<id>.CLAIMS.UPDATE`

With these few messages you can build useful monitoring tools:

* health/load of your servers
* client connects/disconnects
* account connections
* authentication errors

## Local Configuration

To make use of System events, just using accounts, your configuration can look like this:

```
accounts: {
    USERS: {
        users: [
            {user: a, password: a}
        ]
    },
    SYS: { 
        users: [
            {user: admin, password: changeit}
           ]
    },
}
system_account: SYS
```

Please note that applications now have to authenticate such that a connection can be associated with an account. In this example username and password were chosen for simplicity of the demonstration. Subscribe to all system events like this `nats sub -s nats://admin:changeit@localhost:4222 ">"` and observe what happens when you do something like `nats pub -s "nats://a:a@localhost:4222" foo bar`. Examples on how to use system services can be found [here](/cn/yun-xing-yi-ge-nats-fu-wu/configuration/sys_accounts/sys_accounts.md#system-services).