> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.natsclub.cn/cn/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.natsclub.cn/cn/nats-gai-nian/core-nats/pubsub.md).

# 发布和订阅

## Publish-Subscribe

NATS implements a publish-subscribe message distribution model for one-to-many communication. A publisher sends a message on a subject and any active subscriber listening on that subject receives the message. Subscribers can also register interest in wildcard subjects that work a bit like a regular expression (but only a bit). This one-to-many pattern is sometimes called a fan-out.

![](/files/2VKbSs053XKxf90faMSR)

## Messages

Messages are composed of:

1. A subject.
2. A payload in the form of a byte array.
3. Any number of header fields.
4. An optional 'reply' address field.

Messages have a maximum size (which is set in the server configuration with `max_payload`). The size is set to 1 MB by default, but can be increased up to 64 MB if needed (though we recommend keeping the max message size to something more reasonable like 8 MB).